Utilisasi Bungkil Inti Sawit Terfermentasi EM4 Terhadap Konversi Pakan, Efisiensi Protein, dan Retensi Lemak Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

Heru Kusdianto, Mohamad Ma’ruf, Nurhalisa Nurhalisa

Abstract


Feed is a crucial factor in the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, high feed costs pose a major challenge for fish farmers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying EM4 concentrations used to ferment palm kernel meal on the feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and lipid retention of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and four replicates was employed: unfermented palm kernel meal (P1), fermentation with 4 ml/kg EM4 (P2), and fermentation with 8 ml/kg EM4 (P3). Feed consumption did not differ significantly among treatments (P>0.05), with values of 101.88 g (P1), 96.24 g (P2), and 98.79 g (P3). FCR values showed significant differences (P<0.05): P1 (2.78), P2 (2.34), and P3 (2.13). PER values also differed significantly (P<0.05): P1 (1.19), P2 (1.42), and P3 (1.52). Lipid retention differed significantly (P<0.05): P1 (130.73%), P2 (79.20%), and P3 (87.81%). The high lipid retention in P1 (>100%) indicates the occurrence of de novo lipogenesis derived from dietary carbohydrates. In conclusion, the fermentation of palm kernel meal using EM4 at a dose of 8 ml/kg of feed significantly improved feed efficiency and protein utilization, whereas the treatment with unfermented palm kernel meal resulted in the highest fat retention in tilapia. The recommended dosage is to ferment palm kernel meal using EM4 at a rate of 8 ml per kilogram of feed.

Keywords


EM4 Fermentation, Feed Conversion Ratio, Lipid Retention, Palm Kernel Meal, and Protein Efficiency Ratio

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/akuakultur.v11i2.381

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