Journal title Initials Frequency DOI Online ISSN Print ISSN Publisher Accreditation Editor in Chief Jurnal Akuakultur Sungai dan Danau akuakultur April and October 10.33087/akuakultur 2597-8837 2503-4766 Aquaculture Program Study, Faculty of Agriculture, Batanghari University Sinta 3 Dr. Eko Harianto, S.Pi., M.Si Jurnal Akuakultur Sungai dan Danau is an open access peer-reviewed journal that aims to share and discuss issues and research results. This journal is published by Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Batanghari. This journal publishes scientific articles on research results and reviews covering the fields of aquaculture specifically with the theme of river and lake waters studies. This journal contains scientific articles on the results of research in the field of aquaculture. This journal is published twice a year, in April and October. Jurnal Akuakultur Sungai dan Danau is published media for research results field. These results are published in such an original scientific article and a review. Submitted manuscript must be original, no plagiarism and unpublished. Manuscript is submitted online via Open Journal System (OJS), must follow author guideline and writting template. All submission will be blind reviewed by qualified reviewers in their field.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Peningkatan Performa Induk dan Uji Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Teh (Camelia Sinensis) Terhadap Keberhasilan Penetasan Telur Ikan Semah (Tor Duoronensis)
Semah fish (Tor douronensis) is one of the endemic fish species with high economic value. However, the hatch rate of Semah fish eggs is still low due to contamination from waste and fungi. Washing the eggs with natural materials has been used to improve hatching success in various fish species, and one of the natural materials used is tea leaves because they contain tannins and flavonoids that can inhibit bacterial and fungal attacks. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using tea leaf extract (Camelia sinensis) on the hatching success of Semah fish eggs (Tor douronensis) at an optimal dosage. This study will use a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely: Treatment A) Tea leaf extract concentration 0.4 ml/L, Treatment B) Tea leaf extract concentration 0.6 ml/L, Treatment C) Tea leaf extract concentration 0.8 ml/L, and Treatment D) Tea leaf extract concentration 0 ml/L (Control). The research results, which have been conducted and analyzed descriptively regarding the injection of hCG three times over a 30-day maintenance period, show an effect on the gonad maturity index with an average value of 6.70%. The egg hatchability is 0.8 ml/L with a success rate of 89.67%, and it results in the largest egg diameter distribution ranging from 1.8 to 2.4 mm.
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Respon Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus B) Terhadap Pakan Tepung Ikan, Tepung Maggot dan Tepung Media Maggot BSF Difermentasi IRS
The food consumed is part of the body's active biochemical elements that are essential for fish growth. Therefore, various considerations are needed to provide fish with quality feed that meets their needs. Feed quality can be assessed by its protein content, which can be obtained from high-protein plant materials and the assistance of bacterial decomposers, as well as from the bioconversion of BSF maggots. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cattle rumen contents (IRS) on cassava leaf flour (Manihot utilissima), tarum leaf flour (Indigofera zollingeriana), and lamtoro leaf flour (Leucaena leucocepphala) to produce maggots. Maggot flour and the organic media from one 21-day cycle of BSF (Black Soldier Fly) flies were made into pellets supplemented with fish meal (TI) for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus B). A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications was used, with treatment A (IRS 0.00%); B (IRS 5.0% : C (IRS 10.0%), D (IRS 15.0%). The observation results in the form of the average proximate protein of the best final organic maggot media raw materials in C and D were 30.75%; and 31.55%, respectively, the initial organic media protein was 20.00% and 20.15%. The best proximate pellet feed was also in C and D with 36.53% and 37.55% protein and 307.34 and 285.73 Kcal/100 grams of feed. The best maggot biomass in D (60.59 grams) followed by C (42.60 grams) with an ESE conversion value (organic substrate efficiency) in treatments A (5.49%), B (4.91%), C (7.10%) and D (10.10%). For the best average individual maggot weight in treatment A (0.26 grams/tail), followed by B (0.22 grams), the lowest D (0.18 grams/tail) and the best individual maggot length in treatment A (1.55 cm), followed by B (1.15 cm) and the lowest C (0.93 cm). The best individual maggot counts were C (1107 tails/600 grams) and D (969 tails/600 grams), followed by B (530 tails/600 grams) and A (526 tails/600 grams). The best absolute growth of catfish was the average individual weight in treatment D (106.01 grams) with the best SR level of 100%. The best FCR and EPP levels were in treatment D (1.18) and EPP (87.31%) with relatively good water quality parameters with a temperature of 24-26oC, pH 7.2-7.5, DO 5.2-5.8 ppm, and ammonia 0.009-0.012 ppm
Tingkat Pertumbuhan dan Pemanfaatan Pakan Ikan Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) Dengan Penambahan Pektin Dari Kulit Jeruk Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
This research was conducted to analyze and determine the best dose of pectin addition from mandarin orange peel in feed on absolute weight growth (AWG), total length growth (TLG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), and feed utilization efficiency (FE). This study used an experimental method with a complete randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replicates. Each treatment was given a pectin dose of 0 (P0), 5 (P1), 10 (P2), and 15 g/kg feed (P3). Jelawat fish weighing 9-10 g were kept as many as 10 fish per container and fed at satiation with a frequency of 2 times a day for 30 days. The results showed that the addition of pectin from mandarin peel showed a significant effect on AWG, TLG, SGR, FI, and FE (P<0.05). The addition of pectin from mandarin peel at adose of 5 g/kg feed showed the best results with values of 4.88 g (AWG), 2.75 cm (TLG), 1.37%/day (SGR), 63.93 g (FI), and 76.31% (FE). Overall, the results showed that the addition of pectin from mandarin orange peel has the potential toimprove growth and feed utilization in catfish farming
Performa Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dengan Padat Tebar 114 ekor/m² di Tefa Politeknik KP, Kupang
This study analyzes the growth and survival performance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared at a stocking density of 114 shrimp/m² during a 90-day period at the Teaching Factory of Poltek KP Kupang. Cultivation was conducted in a 350 m² pond using a combination of blind feeding and biomass-based feeding methods, with routine monitoring of water quality parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. The average body weight (ABW) increased significantly from 2.59 g/shrimp at day 30 to 21.74 g/shrimp at day 90. The average daily gain (ADG) during the culture fluctuated between 0.13 and 0.42 g/shrimp/day, indicating good growth performance. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.18, indicating efficient feed utilization, while the survival rate (SR) reached 85.1%, reflecting effective management and favorable culture conditions. Water quality parameters remained within optimal national standards, supporting shrimp physiological processes. The findings suggest that whiteleg shrimp aquaculture at this stocking density yields good growth and high survival, offering practical insights to improve intensive vannamei shrimp farming, particularly in the Nusa Tenggara Timur region.
Perbandingan Teknik Budidaya Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) dengan Metode Longline dan Broadcast di PT. Rejeki Bintang Samudra, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur
Indonesia remains one of the world's largest seaweed exporters; however, the optimisation of added value through the downstreaming of Gracilaria verrucosa still faces challenges regarding cultivation efficiency. This research aims to analyse the comparative cultivation techniques of the broadcast and longline methods, as well as the potential of polyculture systems at PT Rejeki Bintang Samudra. The parameters tested included biomass, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and harvest productivity.The results indicated that both methods delivered superior performance, with biomass reaching 9,550 grams and an SGR of 3.13% at DOC 50. Productivity analysis based on harvest yields showed significant fluctuations at each sampling point, with a total accumulated weight of 118,740 kg from a total of 150 sacks. The highest productivity was recorded at the 40th sampling at 810.62 kg/sack, whilst the average total productivity stood at 791.6 kg/sack. Although both methods demonstrated excellent results, the reliance on monoculture systems remains a constraint for scalability. Consequently, the integration of Gracilaria verrucosa into a polyculture system with milkfish is recommended as a strategy for an aquaculture transformation that is more adaptive, sustainable, and of higher economic value.
Pengaruh Penambahan Asam Amino Triptofan Pada Pakan Buatan Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Kapiat (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)
This study aims to analyze the effect of artificial feed with different doses of tryptophan amino acid supplementation and determine the appropriate dose of tryptophan amino acid supplementation on the survival and growth rate of tinfoil barb (B. schwanenfeldii). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications : P1 (0% tryptophan), P2 (1% tryptophan), P3 (2% tryptophan), and P4 (3% tryptophan). The results showed that the supplementation of tryptophan amino acid to artificial feed did not significantly affect survival and growth, as well as feed utilization efficiency and feed conversion ratio. The supplementation of tryptophan amino acid to artificial feed resulted in 100% survival rate in all treatments. The highest growth rate in total length was achieved in treatment P2 (1%), the highest growth rate in absolute weight was achieved in treatment P2 (1%), and the highest growth rate was achieved in treatment P2 (1%). the highest result for feed efficiency was obtained in treatment P2 (1%), and the lowest result for food conversion rasio was obtained in treatment P2 (1%). The lowest results for total length growth, absolute weight growth, growth rate, and feed efficiency were obtained in treatment P4 (3%), while the highest food conversion rasio was obtained in treatment P4 (3%). Water quality parameters during the rearing period were still considered suitable to support the survival and growth of tinfoil fish (B. schwanenfeldii).
Pengaruh Pakan Egg Custard terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Lele Lokal (Clarias batrachus)
Catfish (Clarias batrachus) is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia due to its rapid growth and high market demand. Feed plays a crucial role in determining the growth and survival of fry; therefore, alternative feeds that are nutritious and cost-effective, such as egg custard, are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of egg custard and Artemia feed on the growth performance and survival rate of catfish fry. The experiment consisted of two treatments, namely egg custard and Artemia. Parameters observed included daily growth rate, absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR). Data were analyzed descriptively and supported by statistical analysis. The results showed that egg custard resulted in higher daily growth rate and absolute weight gain, as well as better survival rate compared to Artemia. However, the FCR value of egg custard was higher, indicating lower feed efficiency. Therefore, egg custard has potential as an alternative feed to enhance growth and survival of catfish fry, but further optimization is required to improve feed efficiency
Pengaruh Pakan Egg Custard terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)
This study aimed to determine the effect of egg custard feed on the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of Universitas Tidar, Magelang City, Central Java, in July to August 2025 using a qualitative approach with data collected through experimental testing. Observed parameters included Survival Rate (SR), Absolute Weight Growth (Wm), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that egg custard feed provided better growth performance and survival compared to Artemia. The egg custard treatment achieved an SR of 100%, absolute weight growth of 10.1 g, SGR of 40.4%, and FCR of 7.92. In contrast, the Artemia treatment produced an SR of 60%, absolute weight growth of 3.1 g, SGR of 12.4%, and FCR of 15.69. These findings indicate that egg custard feed is more effective than Artemia in improving the growth and survival of common carp fry during the nursery phase. This formulated feed can serve as an alternative for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) culture and can potentially be applied to other cultured fish and shrimp species.
Strategi Pengembangan Komoditas Unggulan Perikanan Budidaya di Kabupaten Magelang
The fisheries sector in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, is one of the regencies/cities with considerable potential, particularly in the aquaculture sector. The objective of this study is to analyze the main flagship commodities of aquaculture in Magelang Regency and to formulate development strategies. This study was conducted in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, in June 2024 using a descriptive method. The data used consisted of primary and secondary data. The secondary data utilized were time-series data spanning the period from 2019 to 2022. The primary data were obtained from interviews with 30 aquaculture farmers in Magelang Regency. The analytical methods used in this study were the Location Quotient (LQ) and the Specialization Index (SI). The types of fish commodities farmed in Magelang Regency include freshwater pomfret, catfish, gurami, carp, tilapia, and tawes. The carp commodity produced the highest LQ value and dominated among similar commodities at 4.07%. Consequently, there is a specialization in aquaculture production in Magelang Regency, specifically in carp and tilapia. The commodity with the highest SI value is tilapia, with an SI value of 1389%. Various strategies for developing flagship aquaculture commodities can be implemented across various aspects, such as pre-production, production, and marketing
Ikan Green Severum Heros appendiculatus: Teknik Pembenihan Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Benih Ikan Hias Air Tawar
The Green Severum Heros appendiculatus is a species of freshwater ornamental fish originating from the northern United States. Currently, its aquaculture industry is expanding due to its high economic value, which is expected to contribute to community welfare by creating job opportunities and increasing export value. This study aims to disseminate technical information on Green Severum breeding, as limited data is available on its cultivation management. Technically, this fish can be used as broodstock at 10–14 months of age, with a sex ratio of 1 male to 1 female. During the breeding period, broodstock is fed natural feed, including Tubifex sp. (silk worms) and Lumbricus sp. (earthworms). The spawning process occurs naturally using PVC pipes as spawning substrates. The study results indicate that the average fertilization rate (FR) is 90%, the hatching rate (HR) is 95%, and the survival rate (SR) is 93%.
Analisis Faktor Determinan Budidaya Pen Culture Ikan Napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus) Dalam Potensi Pengembangan Kabupaten Natuna
This study investigates the influence of stocking density, seed quality, environmental conditions, and technology on production performance, with management serving as a mediating variable in aquaculture enterprises. A quantitative research design was applied using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Evaluation of the measurement model demonstrated that all constructs satisfied validity and reliability requirements. Outer loading values exceeded 0.70, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) ranged from 0.603 to 0.770, and Composite Reliability values were between 0.881 and 0.944. Discriminant validity was confirmed using both the Fornell–Larcker criterion and the Heterotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) ratio, with all values below 0.90. The structural model analysis showed that the proposed model explained 49.4% of the variance in production performance (R² = 0.494) and 7.3% of the variance in management (R² = 0.073). Hypothesis testing revealed that management had a strong and significant positive effect on production performance (β = 0.681; t = 12.720; p < 0.001), supported by a large effect size (f² = 0.850). Conversely, stocking density, seed quality, and environmental factors did not exhibit significant direct effects on either management or production. Technology showed no direct impact on production; however, it positively influenced management and demonstrated a marginally significant indirect effect on production through management.
Model Strategi Pemasaran Benih Ikan Nila Dengan Variabel Mediasi Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Pokdakan Ulam Merta Asih Bangli-Bali
his study aims to analyze the effect of seed quality and market share on marketing strategy, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable in Nile tilapia hatchery enterprises. This research employs a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Nile tilapia hatchery business actors and subsequently analyzed using measurement and structural models. The results indicate that all constructs meet the criteria of validity and reliability. Path analysis results show that seed quality and market share have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and also significantly influence marketing strategy. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is proven to have the most dominant effect on marketing strategy. The indirect effect test results demonstrate that customer satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between seed quality and market share on marketing strategy. These findings indicate that the success of marketing strategies is not solely determined by product quality and market coverage but is highly dependent on the level of customer satisfaction. This study reinforces the concept of customer value-based marketing and provides practical implications for fisheries business managers of Pokdakan Ulam Merta Asih in enhancing competitiveness and business sustainability through improvements in product quality and customer satisfaction
Produksi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Strain Politeknik Negeri Lampung (PoliNILA) dengan Metode Selective Cross Breeding
Tilapia cultivation in Lampung Province still faces many challenges, including the limited availability of tilapia seeds. This is due to the low availability of tilapia broodstock with superior specifications. This poses a challenge for the Lampung State Polytechnic to produce new strains of tilapia broodstock with distinctive advantages, thereby boosting seed production and consumption of tilapia in Lampung Province. One effort that can be made to create new strains of superior tilapia is by using selective cross-breeding between two superior tilapia species, namely the Srikandi tilapia and the Larasati tilapia. Both types of tilapia have their own unique superior characteristics, so it is hoped that this will be able to create new strains of tilapia that combine the advantages of both. The two superior Nile tilapia broodstock will be cross-bred with the composition in Treatment A, namely male Nile tilapia broodstock Srikandi with female Nile tilapia broodstock Larasati and Treatment B, namely female Nile tilapia broodstock Srikandi with male Nile tilapia broodstock Larasati with each treatment having two replications. This research will be conducted for 90 days of maintenance which includes the process of adaptation of broodstock to the environment, the spawning process and the process of maintaining larvae and seeds. The parameters tested include the number of eggs produced (fecundity), egg hatching rate, survival rate of larvae and fish seeds (survival rate), absolute weight and length gain. The observations during the spawning phase showed that treatment B was the best treatment, measured by the number of larvae produced, which was 1,600 larvae, with a survival rate (SR) of 63% during 28 days of maintenance. Data on the growth of tilapia larvae during 28 days of maintenance showed that the control treatment had superior weight growth performance compared to the other two treatments, namely 6 g with a length of 6.4 cm.
Potensi Chlorella sp. Isolat Air Gambut Terhadap Optimasi Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Betok (Anabas testudineus)
This study aims to evaluate the potential of peat water microalgae Chlorella sp. on the survival and growth of Betok fish (Anabas testudineus) fingerlings. An experimental method was employed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three dosage treatments (A: 10 mL, B: 20 mL, C: 30 mL) with three replications. Parameters observed included Survival Rate (SR), absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) over a 42-day rearing period. The results indicated that the administration of peat water microalgae had no significant effect ($P > 0.05$) on any of the tested parameters. However, visually, treatment C (30 mL) showed the highest results with a survival rate of 87.0%, absolute weight growth of 0.64 g, absolute length growth of 1.00 cm, and SGR of 1.13%. This suggests that nutrient intake from microalgae at the fingerling stage is predominantly used for maintaining physiological functions and suppressing environmental stress rather than somatic growth. Water quality parameters during the study remained within the optimal range, with temperatures of 26.0–27.5°C, pH 5.42–6.91, and DO 5.4–6.9 mg/L.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) Terhadap Kualitas Warna dan Efektivitas Pertumbuhan Ikan Molly (Poecilia sphenops) Pada Media Pemeliharaan
Molly fish or Poecilia sphenops is an ornamental fish species that has economic value and can be cultivated. The main problem often faced by ornamental fish farmers is the fading of fish colors after being kept in aquariums or ponds for a long period of time. This study aims to investigate the effect of ketapang leaf (Terminalia catappa) immersion on the color quality and growth effectiveness of molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) in the maintenance medium. This study involved three treatments, namely aquarium A (100% ketapang leaf extract water), aquarium B (50% ketapang leaf extract and 50% fresh water), and aquarium C (100% fresh water). Each treatment was evaluated based on several test parameters, including color quality percentage, acidity level, dissolved ions, temperature, and total dissolved solids. The results showed that the highest survival rates were found in aquariums B and C, each with a value of 100%. The highest total length growth occurred in aquarium B, reaching 0.33 cm. Aquarium B had the best color quality, with the color most preferred by respondents.
Kajian Literatur Perikanan: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang dapat Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Budidaya Ikan Lele Dumbo di Indonesia
Catfish farming of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the leading freshwater aquaculture commodities in Indonesia with strong economic potential. However, its productivity is influenced not only by biological characteristics but also by various interrelated external factors. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the productivity of African catfish farming using a literature review approach. Data were collected from national scientific sources published between 2015 and 2025, including journal articles, research reports, and conference proceedings. The results indicate that technical factors such as seed quality, feed management, stocking density, and water quality play a significant role in determining productivity. In addition, socio-economic factors, including farmers’ experience, education level, and access to training, also influence farming performance. Institutional support, access to technology, environmental conditions, and market price fluctuations are additional important determinants
Efektivitas Ekstrak Akar Kaik-Kaik (Uncaria cordata) Sebagai Feed Additive Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
High feed costs (accounting for 60–70% of production costs) and the risks of stress in intensive aquaculture necessitate the use of safe, natural feed additives. Kaik-kaik root (Uncaria cordata) contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids, which have the potential to enhance fish health and metabolic efficiency. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of adding Uncaria cordata root extract as a feed additive on feed utilization efficiency, growth performance, and survival rate of Oreochromis niloticus. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, namely P0 (0% as control), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), and P3 (6%) inclusion levels of the extract in the feed. The observed parameters included growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate/SGR), feed utilization efficiency (feed conversion ratio/FCR and feed efficiency), and survival rate (SR). The results showed that the addition of the extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on growth performance and feed utilization efficiency, but no significant effect on survival rate. The best performance was observed in treatment P2 (4%), with an SGR of 3.62%/day, FCR of 1.48, and feed efficiency of 67.6%. Meanwhile, the highest survival rate was also recorded in P2 at 93%. The improvement in performance is presumably related to the presence of bioactive compounds that enhance metabolic efficiency and fish health. However, a decline in performance was observed at the highest dose (6%), indicating potential negative effects at excessive levels.In conclusion, Uncaria cordata root extract has potential as a natural feed additive to improve the aquaculture performance of Oreochromis niloticus, with an optimal inclusion level of 4%.
Pertumbuhan, Kelangsungan Hidup dan Efisiensi Pakan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) Yang Diberi Campuran Sinbiotik ke Dalam Pakan
Commercial feed usually accounts for 60-70% of the total production costs in aquaculture. Therefore, feed additives are needed to support fish growth and feed efficiency to reduce production costs. This study aims to determine the effect of adding a synbiotic mixture to the feed of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus). This research utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with 4 replications, resulting in 16 experimental units. The best average absolute weight and absolute length growth of Sangkuriang catfish fingerlings were found in treatment P4 with a 25% synbiotic mixture. Observations on fish survival rates showed the best results with the inclusion of the synbiotic mixture in the feed.The highest feed efficiency was obtained in treatments P4 and P3, with an average of 0.80%, meaning that 80% of the feed was effectively utilized for daily needs. This was followed by treatment P2 at 0.78%, while the lowest efficiency was found in treatment P1 at 0.77%. The results indicated that all treatments were significantly different. Analysis showed that the lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was obtained in P4 (25% synbiotic) and P3 (20% synbiotic), both showing an average value of 1.25%. P2 (15% synbiotic) followed with 1.29%, and P1 (10% synbiotic) with 1.30%, which remains within the standard threshold. Water quality parameters monitored during the study included temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen
Analisis Usaha Budidaya Ikan Patin (Studi Kasus Pokdakan Usaha Mandiri) Desa Tangkit Baru Jambi
POKDAKAN Usaha Mandiri is a fishery cultivation business that was established in 1999 until now. Cultivation activities are carried out by fishery business actors traditionally with homemade feed, farmers have not used much technology and business analysis calculations. Currently, only 30% of ponds are actively operating in cultivation activities. The success of a cultivation business is not only determined by technical factors alone, such as selecting superior seeds and feeding, but also influenced by managerial and economic factors such as calculating production costs, calculating the break-even point, and evaluating the business's financial feasibility. Business analysis plays a strategic role in determining the feasibility, efficiency, and sustainability of catfish cultivation businesses. Therefore, research on the analysis of catfish cultivation businesses in Pokdakan Usaha Mandiri, Tangkit Baru Village, Jambi is important to conduct in order to provide a real picture of business conditions and as a basis for making more rational and sustainable economic decisions. This is expected to help meet the fish needs in Jambi Province. Data collection on Patin fish farmers was carried out intentionally at the Fish Cultivation Group (Pokdakan) Usaha Mandiri which harvested in December in 10 ponds. This research is POKDAKAN data analysis used to determine the financial feasibility of the business is the Revenue Cost of Ratio (RCR), Break Even Point (BEP), and Payback Period (PP). Based on the results of the research, the Patin Fish cultivation business at POKDAKAN Usaha Mandiri, Tangkit Baru Village, was declared financially feasible to be developed. This shows that cultivation activities provide real benefits and have good prospects for
Pengaruh Kepadatan Berbeda Terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Kualitas Air Ikan Patin (Pangasius Hypophthalmus) Pada Media Bersalinitas 4 ppt
The use of isoosmotic media has been recommended as one of the efforts to reduce stress in fish kept in high stocking densities. Increases in stocking density should consider carrying capacity and water quality. One of the water quality parameters that can support the survival of catfish is maintenance in an isoosmotic condition with a salinity of 4 ppt. This study aims to analyze the effects of different densities on production performance, water quality, and physiological responses of Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in media with a salinity of 4 ppt. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with four density treatments (5 fish L-1, 8 fish L-1, 11 fish L-1, and 14 fish L-1) and three replications for each treatment. The results show that salinity of 4 ppt can support the life of catfish up to high densities with the best production performance at a stocking density of 14 fish L-1.
Analisis Struktur Biaya dan Profitabilitas Usaha Ikan Golden Denisoni (Sahyadria denisonii) di Azzam Aquari, Bojong Rangkas, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Golden Denisoni (Sahyadria denisonii) is one of the most valuable freshwater ornamental fish commodities with strong prospects in the international niche market. This species is widely demanded due to its attractive coloration, premium mutation strains, and limited number of consistent producers. This writing was developed based on interview notes with Mr. Wisnu, the manager of a golden denisoni farming business located in Bogor Regency, West Java. Information was collected through direct discussions regarding the history of the business, breeding and rearing activities, market demand, operational resources, cost components, and constraints faced during cultivation. The results indicate that the largest demand comes from export markets, particularly China, where buyers seek high-quality clear fish for ornamental trade. The selling price of clear 2-inch golden denisoni ranges from IDR 20,000 to 25,000 per individual, reflecting the high economic value of this commodity. Key farming activities include mutation breeding, juvenile rearing, daily water exchange, and intensive aeration to prevent ammonia accumulation and maintain dissolved oxygen levels. Major challenges encountered in production are fungal infections, environmental stress, and fish mortality caused by human error in farm monitoring. The collected information was structured using the business model canvas framework, covering customer segments, value propositions, distribution channels, customer relationships, key activities, key resources, partnerships, cost structure, and revenue streams. Overall, golden denisoni farming demonstrates significant profitability potential as a premium ornamental aquaculture business. Sustainable growth of this sector requires consistent water quality management, improved operational control, and strengthened market partnerships to ensure stable production and continuous export supply.
Penggunaan Feed additive herbal pakan dengan dosis berbeda terhadap kinerja budidaya dan vitalitas Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) di PT. Imadudin Center Bima
Catfish is one of the most popular species for aquaculture because of its strong market demand, adequate nutritional value, and relatively simple cultivation technology. Catfish is also a species that experiences a significant increase in production demand each year. In 2022, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) released data showing that catfish production in Indonesia reached 1.06 million tons, with a value of IDR 18.93 trillion in 2021. The increasing demand for catfish is directly proportional to the excessive use of feed in catfish farming. Overfeeding can lead to feed accumulation at the bottom of the water, resulting in decreased water quality. Poor water quality negatively affects catfish by reducing their immunity, making them more susceptible to stress, and slowing their growth. One way to improve growth and immunity in fish is by adding feed additives to their diet. Herbal feed additives offer several advantages: they are affordable, easy to obtain, environmentally friendly, enhance fish immunity, and improve feed digestibility. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and vitality of catfish given herbal feed additives at different dosages. The experiment consisted of three treatments with three replications: K (control), A (dose of 5 ml/kg feed), and B (dose of 10 ml/kg feed). The results showed that the addition of herbal feed additives at different dosages did not significantly affect survival rate, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Average Daily Growth (ADG), or resistance to formalin. However, it did have a significant effect on Mean Body Weight, absolute length, and resistance to salinity. The best results were obtained in treatment B (10 ml/kg feed), which produced a Mean Body Weight (MBW) of 53.6 g, an Average Daily Growth (ADG) of 1.64 g/day, a Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 1.0, an absolute length of 11.6 cm, an absolute weight gain of 103.4 g, a 100% survival rate in the formalin test, and a salinity resistance time of 179.2 minutes.
Identifikasi Kandungan Nutrisi Limbah Pertanian Dan Perkebunan Di Provinsi Jambi Sebagai Sumber Bahan Baku Pakan Alternatif
Feed is the largest component of operational costs in cultivation activities, reaching 60-70% of total production costs. However, the current price of feed is still very high due to feed raw materials still being imported. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce import values by substituting soybean meal with other alternative raw materials. Alternative raw materials can be obtained, one of which is from the utilization of agricultural and plantation waste. This study aims to identify and analyze the nutritional content of agricultural and plantation waste in Jambi Province as a source of alternative fish feed raw materials. This study will be conducted over 6 months in several locations that produce agricultural and plantation waste in Jambi Province. The determination of research areas is done purposively considering that the research locations are sources of agricultural and plantation waste in Jambi Province. Types of agricultural and plantation waste that will be identified covering corn, pineapple, oil palm, rubber, coconut, areca nut, and sugarcane waste. Data collected include the total production of agricultural and plantation products over the past year, estimates of waste from production, identification of potential agricultural and plantation waste based on availability, and analysis of nutrient content (proximate). The research results show the nutrient values of each agricultural and plantation waste covering (protein, fat, fiber, moisture content, ash, and dry matter). Rubber seed waste shows the highest protein and fat values, namely 28.9% and 24.13%. The highest fiber content is found in areca nut husk at 46.45%. The highest moisture and ash content are found in pineapple peel at 77.52% and 4.6%. Meanwhile, the highest dry matter value is found in oil palm at 90.5%.
Effect of palm kernel meal level on feed intake, body composition, and hepatic histopathology features of Kelabau (Osteochilus melanopleurus)
The effect of including palm kernel meal (PKM) on the feed intake, body composition, and hepatic histopathology of Kelabau (Osteochilus melanopleurus) was experimentally studied in a 50-day feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated in dry pellet form with a protein content of approximately 30%. The treatments consisted of varying PKM concentrations (0%, 5%, 15%, and 20%). The experimental fish were reared in 12 aquaria (30 x 30 x 40 cm³) and fed to satiation three times daily. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for this research. Results indicated that the treatments had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on total feed intake. However, feed consumption tended to decrease as PKM content increased. Furthermore, PKM inclusion significantly influenced body composition; higher PKM levels led to a sharp increase in Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE), while simultaneously reducing body protein and lipid content. Additionally, increased PKM levels were observed to cause hepatic lipid accumulation and the displacement of cell nuclei to the periphery.
Substitusi Tepung Ikan Dengan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) Terhadap Retensi Protein, dan Retensi Lemak, Pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)
This study aims to analyze protein retention and fat retention in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed formulated feed with substitutions of fishmeal and earthworm meal (L. rubellus), as well as to determine the best substitution ratio between fishmeal and earthworm meal (L. rubellus) in formulated feed for protein retention and fat retention in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments in this study were differences in the doses of fishmeal and earthworm meal given to the carp at different doses, namely PA (100% fishmeal and 0% earthworm meal), PB (75% fishmeal and 25% earthworm meal), PC (50% fishmeal and 50% earthworm meal), and PD (25% fishmeal and 75% earthworm meal). The main parameters observed included protein retention, fat retention, and absolute biomass weight growth, while supporting parameters such as water quality were measured periodically. The results showed that substituting fishmeal with earthworm meal had a significant effect (P<0.05) on protein retention, fat retention, and absolute weight growth of the carp. Treatment C (50% fishmeal + 50% earthworm meal) gave the best results with protein retention of 86%, fat retention of 168.1%, and absolute weight growth of 57.6 g. This indicates that the combination of fishmeal protein and earthworm meal at a 50% substitution level can provide optimal nutritional balance, particularly in amino acid profile, thereby improving metabolic efficiency and nutrient utilization by the fish. Water quality parameters during the study remained within the optimal range for carp survival, and thus did not affect the study results.
Analisis Kualitas Air Danau Mas Harun Bastari di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Provinsi Bengkulu, Indonesia
Lake Mas Harun Bastari is one of the important tourism lakes in Bengkulu Province with strategic ecological and economic functions. Increasing tourism and agricultural activities around the lake have the potential to affect water quality through the input of organic matter and nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the water quality status of Lake Mas Harun Bastari based on physical and chemical water parameters, as well as to identify indications of eutrophication and potential pollution sources. The study was conducted from January to February 2026 at six observation stations distributed across the northern, southern, eastern, and western parts of the lake. Sampling points were determined using a purposive sampling method based on environmental characteristics and anthropogenic activities surrounding the waters, such as tourism areas, agricultural land, and water inlet and outlet zones. Water sampling was carried out using the grab sampling method in accordance with SNI 6989.57:2008 concerning surface water sampling methods. The parameters analyzed included temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO₄-P), ammonia (NH₃), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and nitrate (NO₃⁻). Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with the Class II water quality standards based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The results showed that water temperature ranged from 26.3–26.8°C, TDS 20–58 mg/L, pH 6.39–6.85, DO 5.7–6.4 mg/L, phosphate <0.080 mg/L, ammonia 0.015–0.32 mg/L, COD <5.086–31.951 mg/L, and nitrate 1.216–4.924 mg/L. Most parameters still met the Class II water quality standards, except for COD values at stations 3, which exceeded the permissible threshold. Low phosphorus concentrations and high DO levels indicated that the waters were still in good condition and had not experienced severe eutrophication. However, elevated COD levels at several locations indicated the presence of organic matter inputs that require attention. In general, Lake Mas Harun Bastari remains suitable for fisheries, tourism, and irrigation purposes, although regular water quality monitoring is necessary.